Primizie di stagione: Baetis e Rhithrogena

La stagione di pesca alla trota coincide, generalmente, con l’inizio di marzo e con essa si comincia finalmente una nuova stagione di arrampicate lungo i torrenti alla ricerca della splendida preda dai puntini rossi. Non dobbiamo dimenticarci che, anche se l’aria si riscalda e la primavera avanza, le trote stanno terminando i loro impegni riproduttivi e dovremo evitare di entrare in acqua, ovunque sia possibile.

IMG_5015
Ninfa di Rhithrogena sp.
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Ninfa di Baetis rhodani

Armati di una leggera ed essenziale attrezzatura da mosca, concentreremo la scelta degli artificiali da usare in quelli che imitano le effimere del genere Baetis e del genere Rhithrogena, rispettivamente delle famiglie Baetidae ed Heptageniidae; saranno queste due specie che ci faranno sperare in un’attività di superficie della trota di torrente. Le ninfe di Baetis sono nuotatrici e dall’aspetto delicato, quelle di Rhithrogena sono piatte ed appaiono più tozze; le prime schiudono nei tratti con acqua moderatamente corrente e con fondale fangoso-erboso, le seconde sono tipiche dei tratti a corrente più sostenuta e fondo ciottoloso. Entrambe le specie affrontano la mutazione da ninfa emergente a subimago derivando nei pressi della superficie dell’acqua.

Queste due specie di effimere, allo stadio alato di subimago, sono facilmente riconoscibili per avere solo due cerci caudali, quattro ali uniformemente grigie (due anteriori grandi e due posteriori più piccole) e colori d’insieme smorti sulla tonalità del nocciola marrone verdognolo. Fra di loro si distingueranno, oltre che dall’aspetto, per la taglia (le Baetis sono più piccole) e per la forma delle ali.

Rhithrogena sp.
Trota fario, la Regina del torrente

La fascia oraria della schiusa in insetto alato delle nostre amiche effimere sarà, probabilmente, a cavallo delle ore più calde della giornata, e questa avrà inizio quando vedremo i primi insetti alati che si attarderanno sulla superficie dell’acqua finché non saranno pronti ad involarsi per cercare rifugio tra la vegetazione riparia o su qualche masso della sponda.
La durata della loro deriva sull’acqua dipenderà dalla temperatura esterna che influenzerà il tempo occorrente a far scaldare i muscoli preposti al movimento delle ali.

La mutazione da ninfa acquatica ad insetto alato è un processo molto complesso ed incerto perché una buona percentuale di ninfe non riuscirà a completarla e capiterà di vedere, nelle zone di acqua più calma, molti esemplari che non ce l’hanno fatta: è il noto stadio evolutivo chiamato “stillborn”.

La presenza di effimere allo stadio di imago, ossia quelle pronte all’accoppiamento ed all’ovideposizione, le troveremo più facilmente verso il tardo pomeriggio. Noteremo qualche esemplare toccare solo per un istante e ripetutamente la superficie dell’acqua, così facendo la massa di uova si stacca dall’addome per scendere sul fondo del fiume ed ancorarsi al substrato (Rhithrogena). Le Baetis invece, per deporre le uova, volano radendo l’acqua e, poggiatisi su una pietra o su un qualsiasi supporto emerso, si “incamminano” sott’acqua per deporre in qualche anfratto sommerso.

Baetis rhodani subimago female

La pesca con la mosca artificiale è fatta di osservazione e conoscenza dell’ambiente nel quale viene eseguita, avere la cognizione del perché una trota sale sulla nostra esca è molto più importante della cattura stessa.

Il rispetto ambientale viene di conseguenza.

Roberto Brenda

17 thoughts on “Primizie di stagione: Baetis e Rhithrogena”

  1. Probably one of the bes entomology sites.
    Have you any photos of flies breaking through the water surface i.e. body under the surface head just popping through.
    Regards
    Ian

  2. Hi Ian, thanks for appreciation. About your request, perhaps I have something 😉 (Rob)

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