Tricotteri, se non ci fossero…

… bisognerebbe sicuramente inventarli, sia per le grandi opportunità di cattura che ci offrono e sia perché costituiscono un’importante fonte di alimento per tutti i predatori, pesci compresi; ovviamente le due cose sono connesse fra loro.

Ciclo vitale dei tricotteri
Ciclo vitale dei tricotteri (da Trichoptera di Giampaolo Moretti – Guida n. 19 del CNR)

Mi è capitato spesso, l’estate, di prolungare la permanenza sul torrente ben oltre le prime ombre della sera, in attesa del famoso “coup de soire”; questo momento magico ha ragione di esistere, tra tante cause, anche grazie all’intensificazione dell’attività dei tricotteri, insetti prevalentemente notturni.

Generalmente, in queste situazioni, si è portati a credere che i pesci entrino in frenesia alimentare per la massiccia presenza di esemplari alati, invece sono molto più attratti dalle forme emergenti che risultano più indifese e facili da ghermire.

Tutti i tricotteri, indistintamente, in occasione del passaggio dallo stadio di larva a quello di pupa, si rinchiudono all’interno di un astuccio per affrontare un periodo di impupamento della durata di un mesetto. Le larve che hanno già l’astuccio, lo sfruttano sigillandone le estremità, le altre se lo costruiscono al momento sfruttando il materiale reperibile nel loro habitat (pietruzze, fuscelli, alghe, secrezioni).

Astucci pupali di varie specie di tricotteri
Astucci pupali di varie specie di tricotteri

In questa fase vitale la larva affronta una radicale trasformazione: cominciano a crescere gli astucci alari, si formano le antenne, gli organi riproduttivi, ecc. Quando la pupa, all’interno della sua loggetta, è pronta a diventare insetto alato, si crea un varco nell’astuccio con le forti mandibole ed una volta uscita si appresta a salire in superficie per la muta definitiva.

Loggetta pupale di Rhyacophila contenente due esemplari
Loggetta pupale di Rhyacophila contenente due esemplari (quello in alto è già uscito lacerando l’involucro)

Per guadagnare l’ambiente aereo, la pupa schiude fondamentalmente in tre modi:
a) si arrampica su un supporto solido e poi schiude;
b) sale direttamente alla superficie dell’acqua dove lacera l’exuvia pupale liberando l’insetto alato;
c) schiude sul fondo e l’esemplare alato nuota fino all’emersione.

Pupa matura di Potamophylax si avvia verso la superficie
Pupa matura di Potamophylax si avvia verso la superficie
La muta si è compiuta ed è rimasta solo l'exuvia pupale che galleggia sull'acqua
La muta si è compiuta ed è rimasta solo l’exuvia pupale che galleggia sull’acqua

E’ evidente che le ultime due tipologie di schiusa sono MOOOOLTO interessanti per il pescatore che si farà trovare nel punto, al momento e con l’artificiale giusto…!!!

Diventato ormai insetto maturo, non gli resta altro che aspettare di asciugare le ali e raggiungere la vegetazione riparia, ed infine cercarsi un partner per accoppiarsi ed assicurare la continuità della specie.

Roberto Brenda

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